Refrigerator Compressor Not Working? Here’s What to Do

The compressor is the heart of your refrigerator. It is the black, enclosed pump at the back or bottom of the unit, and it moves refrigerant through the cooling system to keep your food cold. When the compressor stops running, temperatures rise quickly and food can spoil.

Before assuming the compressor has failed, check the smaller components that help it start. In many cases, the compressor itself is fine, but something is preventing it from turning on. This guide will help you understand why the compressor may be silent and what you can do to diagnose the issue.

Note: This guide applies to standard compressors. Many newer refrigerators, especially LG and Samsung models, use “Linear” or “Digital Inverter” compressors that rely on an electronic control board instead of a traditional start relay. These models require professional diagnosis.

1. Listen to the Compressor

The first step is a simple sound check. When your refrigerator is running normally, the compressor should produce a low, steady humming sound.

Completely silent: If the fridge is plugged in and the light works but there is no humming, the compressor may not be receiving power or could be seized.
Clicking sound: If you hear clicking every few minutes near the bottom of the fridge, the compressor is trying to start but keeps failing. The clicking often comes from the start relay.

Paying attention to these sounds gives you the first clue about what part may be failing.

2. Check the Start Relay

The start relay is a small component attached to the side of the compressor. Its job is to give the compressor a quick burst of power to start running.

Why it fails:

Electrical coils or internal parts can burn out.
A failed relay will prevent the compressor from starting.
This is often the reason for the clicking sound.

How to fix it:

Always unplug the fridge first.
Access the relay at the bottom back of the fridge.
Remove it and inspect for damage.
Replace it if needed.

The start relay is a common cause of compressor problems and is usually a low-cost fix.

3. Inspect the Overload Protector

Next to the start relay is the overload protector. This safety device protects the compressor from drawing too much electricity.

Function: Shuts off power if the compressor overheats.
Failure: Sometimes it stops working and cuts power even when the compressor is fine.

A technician can test both the start relay and overload protector. If either is faulty, replacing both together is usually recommended to avoid future problems.

4. Examine the Main Control Board

If the start relay and overload protector are working properly, the issue may be higher up in the fridge’s electrical system.

The main control board is the refrigerator’s computer.
It signals the compressor when to turn on and off, based on temperature sensors.
A broken board may fail to send power to the relay, leaving the compressor silent.

Testing and replacing the control board should be done by a professional technician because it involves complex electrical work.

5. When the Compressor Itself Has Failed

If all smaller parts are functioning correctly, the compressor may be the problem.

How it fails: The motor inside the sealed unit can seize or burn out.
Signs: Persistent clicking followed by silence.
Repair: Replacing the compressor is complex. A technician must cut sealed refrigerant lines, install a new compressor, and refill the system.

For older refrigerators, replacing the entire unit may be a more practical choice than repairing the compressor.

Safety Tips Before You Start

Working with electrical components can be dangerous. Keep these safety tips in mind:

Always unplug the refrigerator before inspecting any parts.
Never try to open a sealed compressor unit yourself.
Call a professional technician if you are unsure about any steps.

These precautions will protect both you and your appliance.

Signs You Need a Technician

Even if you follow all the steps above, some issues require professional attention:

The compressor is still silent after checking the relay and protector.
The fridge is older and multiple components may be near the end of their life.
You notice burnt smells, unusual noises, or the fridge is not cooling at all.

Calling a professional ensures the right parts are tested and replaced safely, avoiding further damage to the appliance.

To Sum Up

When your refrigerator compressor stops working, the issue is often a faulty start relay or overload protector, not the compressor itself. These small parts are inexpensive and easier to replace.

Listen for clicking sounds and check the relay first. If those parts are fine, the problem may be the control board or compressor motor. To prevent future issues: